Quantitative diagnostics · Intelligent Material

See more.
Measure more.

A familiar lateral-flow strip becomes quantitative, multiplexable and unusually low-background when the reporter itself is engineered to carry a precise optical identity.

LATERAL-FLOW STRIP · 980 nm EXCITATION SAMPLE fingerstick T1 T2 T3 C NIR 980 QUANTITATIVE READOUT · ILLUSTRATIVE T1 T2 T3 Background ≈ 0
Only the reporter lines light up. The sample stays dark.Illustration
0.5 pg/mLdetection limit for Schistosoma CAA, vs 10 pg/mL for CAA-ELISA (2008)
≥100×improvement over colloidal gold in early HPV16 nucleic-acid work (2001)
15peer-reviewed papers, 2001–2024
9countries and regions with field programs, training or evaluations

Why the signal is cleaner

Biology chooses the target. The material carries the signal.

Rare-earth reporters are excited with near-infrared light and emit defined visible wavelengths. Ordinary biological material does not respond the same way, so the optical background drops away and the line can be measured instead of eyeballed.

Conventional fluorescent label

Visible-light excitation
Visible excitation sample and plastics fluoresce too Lines fade under light (photobleaching) →
  • Sample, membrane and plastics add background glow
  • Organic dyes fade under continued illumination
  • Usually read by eye as positive or negative

Intelligent Material reporter

980 nm near-infrared excitation
980 nm near-infrared in, visible out biology does not up-convert, so it stays dark Stable signal: rare-earth crystals do not photobleach
  • No biological autofluorescence background in the detected band
  • No photobleaching of the crystal reporter
  • Read by a reader against calibration data
01

Infrared in, visible out

Excite with near-infrared, detect visible emission. The background that limits conventional labels largely disappears.

02

Quantitative, not just yes/no

Signal intensity is measured against calibration data, so concentration, disease burden or biomarker change can be followed over time.

03

More than color

Emission wavelength can be combined with lifetime, rise/decay, excitation wavelength and power-density response to create more optical codes for multiplexing.

See the assay in action

A TB biomarker panel, from strip to number.

This walkthrough shows the Intelligent Material lateral-flow workflow and the optical reader interpreting multiple biomarker lines from finger-prick blood.

1
Add a small sampleFingerstick blood, serum or another validated sample runs along the strip.
2
Reporters bind the targetAntibody- or probe-coupled crystals collect at test lines matched to each biomarker.
3
Excite with near-infraredA compact reader illuminates the lines at 980 nm and measures the visible emission.
4
Get a numberSignal is compared with calibration data to give a quantitative, digital result.

What the literature shows

Laboratory sensitivity. Field-friendly format.

Two results from the published record show how far the reporter has pushed a simple strip format. Performance is assay-specific; these are examples, not guarantees for every target.

10×+

More analytical sensitivity than CAA-ELISA

A Corstjens-led schistosomiasis study reported a 0.5 pg/mL detection limit for the Intelligent Material lateral-flow format, with strong correlation to infection intensity.

CAA-ELISA10 pg/mL
Intelligent Material LF0.5 pg/mL
Detection limit: shorter bar is better. Schistosoma circulating anodic antigen, 2008.
100×

Improvement over colloidal gold in early nucleic-acid work

In HPV16 testing, Paul Corstjens and colleagues reported at least a 100-fold improvement over colloidal gold and concluded that amplification-free viral detection was achievable in principle.

Colloidal gold1×
Intelligent Material≥100×
Relative sensitivity: longer bar is better. This does not mean every lateral-flow assay equals PCR; target, chemistry and sample handling still matter.

The point is not that one strip replaces every laboratory assay. The same reporter platform has repeatedly pushed lateral flow toward ELISA-class quantification and, in selected nucleic-acid formats, toward molecular-test sensitivity with much simpler workflows.

Paul Corstjens · field translation

Not a benchtop story. A field story.

Paul Corstjens and the Leiden team have spent years moving quantitative rapid tests out of the laboratory and into endemic regions, clinical programs and public-health studies: fingerstick sampling, household visits, school surveys and healthcare-worker training.

EQUATORTROPICSAMERICASAFRICAASIABrazilBoliviaMadagascar / ComorosZanzibarIndiaNepalBangladeshChinaIndonesia
Brazil

House visits to registered leprosy patients and testing of family members.

Field record ↗
Bolivia

Point-of-care field evaluation for transmission tracking, treatment monitoring and differential diagnosis.

Field record ↗
Madagascar / Comoros

Training and implementation work as part of an EDCTP-funded trial.

Field record ↗
Zanzibar

Demonstration and training with national TB and leprosy programs.

Field record ↗
India

Training in Varanasi for a door-to-door screening program in children.

Field post ↗
Nepal

Training and evaluation using banked serum samples within the broader development network.

Field record ↗
Bangladesh

Patients tested using fingerstick and ear blood in endemic-area programs.

Field record ↗
China

Training and evaluation using banked serum samples within the broader development network.

Field record ↗
Indonesia

School-based serosurveys using quantitative fingerstick blood in children.

Field record ↗

Beyond lateral flow

Flow cytometry: the same optical logic, cell by cell.

IMS is extending material-level optical coding into high-parameter flow cytometry, using highly uniform Intelligent Material reporters, with the instrument designed around the materials rather than forcing them into a conventional fluorescence workflow.

Low backgroundNIR excitation sits away from much of the autofluorescence that complicates visible-excitation assays.
Stable labelsRare-earth crystals do not photobleach like organic fluorophores, supporting repeatable measurement.
Combinatorial codingColor, lifetime, excitation response and power-density behavior combine instead of relying on color alone.
Development targetBuild toward 50+ resolvable optical identities for next-generation high-parameter cytometry.
ILLUSTRATIVE CODE SPACE980 nm · low power980 nm · high power1550 nm · low power1550 nm · high power
4 emission colors × 3 lifetimes (solid to faint) × 2 excitation wavelengths × 2 power-density responses = 48 codes. Illustration of how dimensions multiply, not a validated panel.

Breadth

One reporter system. Many biological questions.

Intelligent Material pairs with antibodies, antigens, nucleic-acid capture systems and other recognition chemistries. The optical reporter stays the same while the biology changes around the question being asked.

Published studies

Leprosy

Quantitative anti-PGL-I and multi-biomarker tests, fingerstick sampling, treatment monitoring, transmission studies and public-health screening.

Published studies

Tuberculosis

Quantitative host-biomarker panels for diagnosis and treatment-response monitoring, including multi-center field studies.

Published studies

Schistosomiasis

Circulating anodic antigen detection with very high analytical sensitivity and quantitative readout.

Published studies

Neurocysticercosis

Portable lateral-flow screening with strong proof-of-principle clinical performance in published studies.

Published studies

Nucleic acids

Sequence-specific lateral-flow concepts using optical reporters for sensitive, amplification-light or amplification-free workflows where the assay chemistry supports it.

Published studies

Immune response

Simultaneous measurement of cellular and humoral biomarkers in a field-friendly format.

Development area

Therapeutic drug monitoring

Quantitative measurement of drug concentration and treatment response from small samples, with the potential to combine drug level and disease-state biomarkers in one reader platform.

Development area

Traumatic brain injury

Multiplex biomarker panels for TBI and neurological injury, designed for rapid triage, longitudinal monitoring and use outside a central laboratory.

Development area

Drugs of abuse

Quantitative or threshold-based assays for drug and metabolite detection in saliva, urine or other sample types using the same reader architecture.

Published studies

Wildlife + armadillos

A 2021 study co-authored by Paul Corstjens used the quantitative rapid-test platform to detect and monitor Mycobacterium leprae infection in nine-banded armadillos.

Read the paper ↗
Development area

Veterinary diagnostics

Field diagnostics for livestock, companion animals and infectious-disease surveillance using the same quantitative lateral-flow architecture.

Development area

Food safety

Rapid testing concepts for pathogens, toxins, allergens and contamination in food-processing, agricultural and supply-chain settings.

Development area

Water + environmental testing

Portable assays for biological contaminants, toxins and selected chemical targets where specific capture chemistry can be paired with the optical reporter.

Published studies: peer-reviewed work using the platformDevelopment area: the same architecture applied to a new target

Peer-reviewed evidence

More than two decades of published science.

Papers using Intelligent Material reporters, led or co-authored by Paul Corstjens and collaborators.

Paul Corstjens · Google Scholar ↗

Build the next assay

Make the invisible measurable.

NovaVera commercializes the platform while IMS continues materials, reader and assay-system development. Bring us the biomarker and the setting; we will work backward to the reporter, strip and reader.